How do your kidneys help maintain health?如何帮助你的肾脏保持健康？
In addition to removing wastes and fluid from your body, your kidneys perform these other important jobs:此外，以消除废物和液体从你的身体，你的肾脏进行上述其他重要的工作：
Regulate your body water and other chemicals in your blood such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium你的身体调节水和其他化学品在你的血液，如钠，钾，磷，钙
Remove drugs and toxins introduced into your body删除药物和毒素引入到你的身体
Release hormones into your blood to help your body:释放激素到血液，以帮助您的身体：
regulate blood pressure调节血压
make red blood cells使红血细胞
promote strong bones.促进强有力的骨头。
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?什么是慢性肾脏疾病（慢性肾病） ？
Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy by doing the jobs listed.慢性肾脏病包括条件，损害您的肾脏和减少他们的能力，让您的健康做上市的工作。 If kidney disease gets worse, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel sick.如果肾脏疾病恶化，废物可以建立高度在你的血液，使你感到恶心。 You may develop complications like high blood pressure, anemia (low blood count), weak bones, poor nutritional health and nerve damage.您可能会像并发症血压高，贫血（低血球计数） ，薄弱的骨头，可怜的营养保健和神经损伤。 Also, kidney disease increases your risk of having heart and blood vessel disease.此外，肾脏疾病的危险增加了心脏和血管疾病。 These problems may happen slowly over a long period of time.这些问题可能会慢慢地发生了很长一段时间。 Chronic kidney disease may be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure and other disorders.慢性肾脏病的原因可能是糖尿病，高血压和其他疾病。 Early detection and treatment can often keep chronic kidney disease from getting worse.早期发现，早期治疗往往可以让慢性肾脏疾病恶化。 When kidney disease progresses, it may eventually lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life.当肾脏疾病的进展，它有可能最终导致肾功能衰竭，需要透析或肾移植来维持生命。
What causes CKD?慢性肾脏病的起因是什么？
The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure, which are responsible for up to two-thirds of the cases.两个主要的原因慢性肾脏病是糖尿病和血压高，这是负责到三分之二的案件。 Diabetes happens when your blood sugar is too high, causing damage to many organs in your body, including the kidneys and heart, as well as blood vessels, nerves and eyes.糖尿病当你的血糖太高，造成损害的许多机关在你的身体，包括肾脏和心脏，以及血管，神经和眼睛。 High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the pressure of your blood against the walls of your blood vessels increases.血压偏高，或高血压，发生在压力下你的血液对您的墙壁血管增加。 If uncontrolled, or poorly controlled, high blood pressure can be a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes and chronic kidney disease.如果不加控制，或者控制不佳，血压升高可能是导致心脏病，中风和慢性肾脏疾病。 Also, chronic kidney disease can cause high blood pressure.此外，慢性肾脏疾病可引起血压高。
Other conditions that affect the kidneys are:其他条件影响肾脏是：
Glomerulonephritis, a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtering units.肾小球肾炎，一组疾病，导致炎症和损害肾脏的过滤单位。 These disorders are the third most common type of kidney disease.这些疾病是第三大最常见的肾脏疾病。
Inherited diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease, which causes large cysts to form in the kidneys and damage the surrounding tissue.遗传性疾病，如多囊肾病，导致大量囊肿形成的肾脏和破坏周围组织。
Malformations that occur as a baby develops in its mother's womb.发生畸形婴儿的开发在其母亲的子宫内。 For example, a narrowing may occur that prevents normal outflow of urine and causes urine to flow back up to the kidney.例如，可能会出现缩小，防止正常的尿液流出，造成尿液回流到肾脏。 This causes infections and may damage the kidneys.这会导致感染，并可能损害肾脏。
Lupus and other diseases that affect the body's immune system.狼疮和其他疾病，影响人体的免疫系统。
Obstructions caused by problems like kidney stones, tumors or an enlarged prostate gland in men.障碍所造成的问题，如肾结石，肿瘤或前列腺增大的男性。
Repeated urinary infections.反复泌尿系感染。
What are the symptoms of CKD?什么是慢性肾脏病的症状？
Most people may not have any severe symptoms until their kidney disease is advanced.大多数人可能不会有任何严重的症状，直至肾脏病是先进的。 However, you may notice that you:然而，您可能会注意到，您：
feel more tired and have less energy感到更累了，有较少的能源
have trouble concentrating遇到问题集中
have a poor appetite有食欲不振
have trouble sleeping遇到问题睡
have muscle cramping at night有肌肉抽筋在夜间
have swollen feet and ankles已经肿脚和脚踝
have puffiness around your eyes, especially in the morning有虚胖你的眼睛周围，尤其是在今天上午
have dry, itchy skin有干燥，皮肤发痒
need to urinate more often, especially at night.需要更频繁地小便，尤其是在夜间。
Anyone can get chronic kidney disease at any age.任何人都可以得到慢性肾脏病在任何年龄。 However, some people are more likely than others to develop kidney disease.然而，有些人更可能比其他肾脏疾病发展。 You may have an increased risk for kidney disease if you:您可能有一个风险增加肾脏疾病如果你：
have diabetes有糖尿病
have high blood pressure有血压高
have a family history of chronic kidney disease有家族病史的慢性肾脏病
are older年纪
belong to a population group that has a high rate of diabetes or high blood pressure, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.属于一个人口群体，具有很高的患有糖尿病或血压高，如非裔美国人，拉美裔美国人，亚洲，太平洋岛民，以及美洲印第安人。
